From the history of my electric dictionary,
*whereas
*breach
*hereunder
*applicable
*waive
*thereof
*arbitration
*herein
*whereof
They are in the different category of vocabulary from my Johnny Depp….
Do anyone know any site that explain these jargons with easier terms?
***heenai heenai *** 
Ooooo.. Business English!
Try this list;
http://www.businessdictionary.com/most-popular-terms.php
Yeah…and it’s difficult to understand the Japanese meaning of them too! very vague.
yep very business english, i recognise some of those words.
Hi Tima,
I think I will be got used to them soon but now my brain is freezing.
Hi heenai…
*whereas — this is used to compare two different but related situations, usually a desirable and a non-desirable situation. In English: “This is fruit is still green, whereas this fruit is ripe. In Japanese, similar to 一方.
*breach — to violate. The meaning of ‘breach’ is what relates these Japanese words: 隙, 背任, 破約, 不埓
*hereunder — this literally means ‘the words following that continue below’ I don’t know the formal Japanese way to say it, but the meaning is similar to ここから.
*applicable — ‘this is applicable’ means ‘you can apply this’. More simply, it means 中たる or 当たる.
*waive — ‘権利を放棄する’ means ‘to waive one’s right’. So ‘waive’ by itself means ‘ほうきする'(?)
*thereof — In English, you’ll see ‘thereof’ used something like this: ‘Intended for distribution in the United States and all territories thereof’. Another way to say this is ‘Intended for distribution in the United States and all of its territories’. These are territories *of* the United States. So that’s when you can use ‘thereof’.
Another variation, is ‘therein’. Similar, but it means something that belongs *in* some larger group. Example: ‘Softener is used with detergent to clean all *of* your laundry, including all socks *therein*’. Socks belong *in* your laundry, so use ‘therein’.
*arbitration — 調停. ‘Arbitration commitee’ = 調停委員会
*herein — similar to ‘therein’, but like ‘koko’ and ‘asoko’, used to describe things that are ‘here’, rather than ‘there’. Like a way to say ‘in this matter’, after a statement that is true. Example: ‘The leaves are changing color.’ You can use ‘herein’ to describe something relates to a statement that is true: ‘The leaves are changing color, and herein lies their beauty.’ The beauty is *in* the leaves changing color. The same sentence using ‘therein’: ‘The leaves are changing color, and therein lies their beauty.’. The beauty is still *in* the leaves changing color, but now you mean leaves over *there*, instead of leaves *here*.
*whereof — this is definitely not used much outside business language. It basically means ‘of what or which’. So, a ‘witness whereof’, in Japanese would be 右証拠として. You are a ‘witness of what event’. A complete sentence would be. ‘The car accident, Heenai being a witness whereof.’ You are a witness to an event, the accident. ‘The concert, Heenai being a spectator whereof’. You are a spectator of the event, a concert.
A great English Japanese website I use, is here: http://rut.org/cgi-bin/j-e/jis/tty/S=48/FG=r/inline/dict?sDict=on&LI=1#direct
Oh, thank you! kinakomochi!
Your exolanations are so clear as if you lifted fog in my head! Thank you so much.
I bring my electric dictionary to my office. But it’s a standard one of the Oxford, and it doesn’t explain them in detail. I wanted to know how to use them in normal situation so that I could understand them fully. So, your examples are great! I think I could know these words with my heart not only by a ditionary.
These unfamiliar words have made me depressed..I felt I was incompetent in business. But I will go step by step!
Thank you!
Ie, ie… tondemo nai… I’m glad this has helped you to overcome some uncomfortable feelings with communication in English!
I have the same situation with Japanese, as a 5th-generation Japanese-American (I grew up hearing my mother speak it, but I was not brought up speaking or writing it). There are many, many expressions I hear and see while watching Japanese news, that I simply do not grasp yet… so I understand your frustration and ‘fuan’. (^- ^ )
If there are other words or phrases that you don’t understand, please post them. I like helping others turn on the light. (‘- ‘ )
Kinakomochi-san,
語学の勉強って果てしない、と思いません？
やればやるほど、次の壁が見えてくる
だからやめられないのかな～？
わからなくて不安になったら
このブログにで質問できる、と思うと
ずいぶんと気が楽になります
ありがと～
Hi Naoko-san,
Here is my English translation — most of it was pretty familiar, but some kanji I had to look up: (^, ^ )\
—
Studying language is an endless, on-going pursuit, don’t you think?
But, it seems I only see the obstacles if I keep going,
That’s why I shouldn’t stop, maybe?
If you feel unsure about something you don’t understand
you can ask questions on this blog, I think…
You’ll feel better about it.
Thanks~
—
Yes! Thank you, I appreciate it!
I think part of my 不安, is due to my mother, who at some point in my childhood just gave up trying to teach me conversational Japanese, even though she’s an Issei (even today, she ignores me when I try to learn to speak to her). I think this is partially why I enjoy teaching English, because she doesn’t like it. It sounds terrible, but I can’t choose my mother, as much as she can’t choose her son. (^_ ^ )\
If you don’t mind, I’ll try to speak my broken Japanese here. As I have done above, please correct me, if it’s inappropriate, offensive, or just wrong. I think I’ll learn faster that way. (^= ^ )
Thanks again! よろしくお願いします。(^- ^ )
— Justin
It’s my pleasure.
You are influenced much by your mother language when you learn foreign language, you know? So, you might understand that why I had thought you were a girl!! Sorry! Because kinkomochi sounds very cute, and in English you don’t use words which you mention your sex in common. You can know the sex somehow from sentences when you write them in Japanese!
Or..is it because I’m Japanese? I can’t feel it from your English? I don’t know.
It’s another difference between Japanese and English that you don’t use 主語 clearly when you write Japanese sentence.
So, just one thing you were not accurate about my Japanese is this part.
“わからなくて不安になったら
このブログにで質問できる、と思うと
ずいぶんと気が楽になります”
The 主語 of it is “Me”! So, it would be
“If I feel unsure about something I don’t understand
I can ask questions on this blog, I think…
I’ll feel better about it.”
It’s tricky, isn’t it? I would misunderstand it like you if I were an English speaker!! You can take it as you translated too!
It’s correct grammatically, but a native Japanese speaker may know that you talk about yourself by these sentences.
Of course, I will be very happy to help you, so don’t hisitate 😀
Japanese is also difficult!!
Hehe
It’s fun, too!
Hahaha, hamatteru kawaii no koto wa, haha to boku wa isshou desu! Nanka hazukashii desu kedou… ma, ii ja nai desu ka? (^= ^ )\
Sorry, I’m able to express myself in Japanese a lot faster in romaji than I can choosing hiragana from a character map (I wish I had an application that translated from romaji on-the-fly like Japanese computers do).
But you’re probably right! My father is Yonsei, so he doesn’t speak Japanese very well, and all of the Japanese I heard growing up, was pretty much the grade school level she spoke to me (she didn’t finish high school due to supporting her family), and from Japanese television programs in Hawaii. I suppose it’s not a good way to learn Japanese… (^_ ^ )\ but while I was growing up, the native Japanese population (and thus, the culture) in Hawaii was declining rapidly. None of my Gosei friends even had an interest in learning Japanese until they began to have kids of their own. Now, it’s rising again with the popularity of manga, anime and other interest in Japanese culture, and the ease of discovery via the Internet.
I like cute things… kinakomochi was a snack my mother used to make me as a little boy, I still have cravings for it! I suppose it’s not a very manly screen name. (^= ^ )\ But, it’s truly me. I was a soldier right after high school for several years, so after my service, I made a promise to myself not to pretend to be anyone but myself. You have to suppress much of your personality in order to be an effective soldier, you know? Perhaps you have similar experiences? It’s life as an adult, I’m not bitter about it… but now that I’m a normal citizen, I’m just me. Sometimes it’s embarrassing… but that’s life. v(‘- ‘ )v
About shuugo… Naoko-san, I think that’s a very difficult part about learning Japanese, other than the formalities and verb forms, when you don’t have someone to speak it with. I live quite a way from Seattle here, so it’s not easy to converse with native speakers, but I’ll try to meet some in the future through study meetings and language groups and such. Right now work is number one priority (economy is very shaky), but it’s a goal. (^- ^ )
Again, thank you!
You know, I feel embarassed but I was having the same thought too.
His English made him sound like a guy, but his Japanese…. You were taught by your mother, definitely!!
I wonder… Nao-chan, do you still feel like English doesn’t sound American, like I have a British accent?
You know, I feel embarassed but I was having the same thought too.
His English made him sound like a guy, but his Japanese…. You were taught by your mother, definitely!!
I wonder… Nao-chan, do you still feel like English doesn’t sound American, like I have a British accent?
Oh no, I meant to say ‘my English’…. “Do you still feel like my English doesn’t sound American, like I have a British accent?”
Actually, I can’t tell British English from American so specifically. When I thought your English sounded like British, you might have pronouced some words like British. Usually, I can understand your English quite well, so that means it sounds American. If you speak British English, I would keep saying “what?”
Anyway, you knew kinakmochi was a guy from his English!!
Oh, I’m so sorry for kinakomochi.
It’s my bad not to know it.
But I still don’t know which part of his English sounds like a guy. I don’t mean his English sounds effete!! No! I can’t tell a guy’s writing and a girl’s writing.
Could you two give me some examples of masculine and feminine ways to express one’s self in Japanese? I don’t mind making mistakes learning, but I’d like to progress past this obviously basic error. 🙂
Thanks!
Your Japanese doesn’t sound feminine to me. You made some small mistakes, though. (“…. hamatteru kawaii
nokoto wa, haha to boku wa isshoudesu! Nanka hazukashii desu kedou… ma, ii ja nai desu ka? I erased some you don’t need. they are quite small mistakes. It’s ok when you say (pronounce) “kedo ～けど” like “kdou けどぉ” but you don’t write it in letter.)The most obvious way to show you are female is to put “wa” on the end of sentences. For example, when you want to say “I prefer apples to oranges.” in Japanese, these two sentences are possible.
1) orenji yori ringo no hou ga sukida
wa
2) orenji yori ringo no hou ga sukida
yo
1) is definitely feminine. If you use it, you might be thought as a gay.
2) sounds manly sometimes, but it will be fine for girls too
My husband is a Japanese language instructor, so he is very carefull to use his Japanese in a neutral way. That means he doesn’t put such additinal words on the end of the sentence. You can just say “Orenji yori ringo no hou ga sukida” and you can’t say his/her sex by that. Are there any these things in English?
Naoko-san,
Ah, sorry, I’m unable to reply directly to your last reply, only here…
English doesn’t have a distinct masculine and feminine lexicon, as French does, it’s very neutral. English only has word modifiers that specifically identify someone or something as a certain gender. For example:
M: Lion
F: Lioness
M: executor (of an estate, for example)
F: executrix
M: Actor
F: Actress
M: Buck (deer)
F: Doe
M: Boar (pig)
F: Sow
Thanks for correcting my Japanese! As you can see, I don’t even know basics. If that’s *too* basic for you and gets irritating or boring, let me know and I’ll stop. I’m more than happy to help with English, though. (^- ^ )
–Justin
Oh — looks like it put the reply in the right place! That was a little confusing. (^= ^ )\
Try this site, the “Wordmonkey Dictionary” does a good job explaining the meaning of words and using them in a sentence. http://www.google.com/ig
Yeah! It’s simple and cute too!
I want to use internet in the office, but I can’t!!!
It’s crazy. I’m now working at the machine product company, and they just started export ther products to China. The office is outdated and the people too, oops!
> They are in the different category of
> vocabulary from my Johnny Depp….
Indeed they are. When you start learning words like these, you’re moving beyond basic conversational English and reaching for true literacy.
The word “whereas” is a coordinating adverb (similar to “however” or “nevertheless” but not quite as common) that indicates a contrast: what you say after “whereas” is a different case from what you said before it (but still related).
Example:
The Pacific front in World War II was dominated by carrier fleets; whereas, the battle for the Atlantic was largely an exercise in anti-submarine warfare.
The basic meaning of the word “breach” is similar to “gap” or “opening”, but of course this gets applied in a number of different situations. In military contexts, for example, a “breach” is a gap in defenses. From that usage comes the verb: “to breach” means “to find a way through the defenses”. From that, in turn, comes the modern meaning of the word in the computer industry: an incident wherein someone or something got through a computer system’s security measures and compromised the system in some way.
“Hereunder” is just a fancy way of saying “under here”, i.e., under the text you are currently reading. The word “hereinafter” is similar.
The word “applicable” is a straightforward application of the -able suffix to the word “apply”. (The word “application” comes from the same root.) Something that is “applicable” is something that can (reasonably) be applied in a given situation.
“Waive” is mostly used as a legal term, meaning to voluntarily forego. Hmmm, those aren’t really easier words, are they? A longer explanation, then: if you have the legal right to something, but you don’t want it, you can waive your right. For example, under US law anyone who is charged with a crime has the right to be represented in court by an attorney (the “assistance of council” in the fifth amendment). If you are charged with a crime and choose to represent yourself in court without the assistance of a lawyer, you are _waiving_ your right to council.
A “waiver” is a document that you sign for the purpose of waiving some right(s) that you might otherwise have, most commonly the right to file a lawsuit against someone if something goes wrong. If you go bungee jumping, for instance, the people who help you with the cord might ask you to sign a waiver saying you understand the risks and won’t sue them if you are injured. (However, waivers like this don’t always hold up in court as legally valid.)
The word “thereof” means about the same thing as “of that person or thing I just mentioned”. If I say, for instance, “England and all the former colonies thereof”, it means the same thing as “England and all the former colonies of England”. It’s just a more succinct way of saying it.
Arbitration is when some (hopefully neutral) third-party listens to both sides of an argument and helps to resolve it. There is also “binding arbitration”, where the two parties with a dispute agree on a neutral third party and agree to be bound by (i.e., held to) that third party’s decision once the arbitration is complete.
The words “herein” and “whereof” are formed in much the same way as “thereof” and “hereunder” and “therewith”. Learning each of these words should make the others easier, because they derive their meanings from their component words in much the same way. Once you get the hang of the pattern, they sort of make sense.
“Herein” means “in here”, with “here” being a reference to something the writer either has just explained or is about to explain. It is most commonly used in the construction “herein lies the problem”, which means that the (crux of the) problem the writer wants to discuss is found in the principle that the writer is just now explaining.
“Whereof” is much less common, but it means basically the same thing as “thereof”.
HTH.HAND.
Oh, one more thing:
> Do[es] anyone know any site that
> explain[s] these [word]s with easier terms?
I think your English is good enough to use regular dictionary sites, like en.wiktionary.org or dictionary.reference.com. The latter site also has a thesaurus, which may be useful sometimes too.
Hi Jonadab!
Thank you so much for your deep explanations.
I visited your site and I think you are a language specialist?
When I was in my college, I didn’t care much about grammer and formal words. They seemed useless for me at that time. But I regret it now. Only with casual and easy words, you can’t really know anything deeply.
I feel more and more that English is so BIG language!
Naoko,
Are you coming across all those words in documents. That is just about the only place I would see them. Well, talking to a lawyer, you never know what they might say.
Is work becoming comfortable?
I realized recently why those documents are difficult to understand. It’s not only my lack of vocabulary but also they have specific meanings that are used only in contracts. For example, ‘negotiation’ , I know the normal meaning like to deal with something to make it as your hopeful situation, but in these contract things, they are used as a word for dealing with a bill! Oh my… I didn’t know that! So, my first translation was terrible! Non of the people in my office are an Eglish user, so they believe that to be able to read Englsih maens to know the contract. So, Next Monday, I’m going to tell to exectives directly to ask for a professional before they sign on the documents translated by me!! hahahaha!!!!!
Here, when we are presented with documents that have many words like these in them, we either sign them without reading them or we call a lawyer. They are very hard for the non-lawyer to really know what is important and what’s not.
As you say, it is not the translation (we know the words) but when you string a lot of these together the meaning becomes very specific (or general) in ways that is often not clear to most of us.
Hello Naoko
Hows work so far? Hope all is well. Thought I let you know I’ve dedicated my latest blog for you as I know you love this place.
Have a great weekend ❤
HI! Tima!
I’m very fine, thanks!
The people, especially part- time- workers like me are all very kind to me. They are over 30s, so as you know, it’s so easy to understand each other,haha
My job to translate English documents is complicated but I think my boss would understand how much they could expect from me. You know, I’m not a lawyer, nor professional translater, so I WILL do my best and advise them, of course but I don’t want to be bothered too much by my job. I want to cherish my life with my family as always.
Oh, thanks for your lovely invitaton to your blog! It sounds nice!! i will be there soon, but
recently I boght a new PC only for me! becuase I don’t have time to use it in daytime, and at night my husband wants to use the PC too. So I got a new one! but I haven’t set my favorite list on it yet….mmmm I don’t know how to do that,actually….Can you leave the URL of your site?
How are you these days? I’ll email you after everything got normal!!